{"id":3329,"date":"2025-05-14T16:25:40","date_gmt":"2025-05-14T08:25:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/quartz-grinding.epic-powder.com\/?post_type=astra-portfolio&p=3329"},"modified":"2025-05-15T15:21:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T07:21:31","slug":"what-is-the-current-situation-of-jiangxi-which-has-rich-quartz-resources-how-should-it-be-developed-and-utilized","status":"publish","type":"astra-portfolio","link":"https:\/\/quartz-grinding.epic-powder.com\/vi\/astra-portfolio\/what-is-the-current-situation-of-jiangxi-which-has-rich-quartz-resources-how-should-it-be-developed-and-utilized\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Giang T\u00e2y, n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh phong ph\u00fa, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00ean khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea1ch anh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea1ch anh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (th\u1ea1ch anh \u03b1), v\u00e0 theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea1ch anh c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ea1ch anh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (th\u1ea1ch anh \u03b2) v\u00e0 coesit, v.v. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 SiO2, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0 trong su\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c nhau do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u00ecn chung, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, kh\u00f3i, th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 nh\u1eddn tr\u00ean v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t. Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u00e0 2,22 ~ 2,65, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng Mohs l\u00e0 7,0, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb pH l\u00e0 6,0, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 1750 \u2103 \u200b\u200bv\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec7n. Th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng m\u00f9i, kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m, c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t cao, \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf th\u1ea5p, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong th\u1ee7y tinh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, \u0111\u00fac, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0i, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y tinh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh, nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 8%. Th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bnguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, quang \u0111i\u1ec7n, v.v. v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 cung t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch anh c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cao c\u1ea5p ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u (Hao Wenjun, 2020; Yan Lingya, 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i tr\u00ean hai m\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ea3ng Hoa H\u1ea1, c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng macma th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gen kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kho\u00e1ng th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh, th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea1ch anh granit v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y, nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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Giang T\u00e2y gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh. Theo lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i: tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, th\u1ea1ch anh, sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh, c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh, th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ed9t, th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh granit (B\u1ea3ng 1). Theo B\u1ea3ng d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y (t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2019), c\u00f3 244 m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u1edf t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y (H\u00ecnh 1a), v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 524.605,2 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n (H\u00ecnh 1b). V\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh, chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 22% v\u00e0 15%, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh, chi\u1ebfm d\u01b0\u1edbi 5% v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 1%; v\u1ec1 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh, sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh, th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a ba lo\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfm 90% trong t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ed9t, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chi\u1ebfm 6% v\u00e0 4%. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee7a Giang T\u00e2y x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng cao trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea1ch anh h\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 25%, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.1 Pha l\u00ea t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i pegmatit. C\u00e1c hang tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hang tinh th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong pegmatit th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf l\u00f5i. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 pegmatit \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. H\u01a1n 100 \u0111i\u1ec3m kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean (h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong b\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 N\u00fai Xiaomu \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Lushan v\u00e0 N\u00fai Dazu Mantou \u1edf Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gao'an. T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.2 \u0110\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quartzite l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ea1ch anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 silic kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 53 m\u1ecf quartzite \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 157.263,56 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf quartzite \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c T\u0129nh C\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u01a1n-Tu Xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00e2ng cao L\u1ea1c Hi\u1ebfu-Chu Quang, v\u00e0 V\u0169 Ninh, Xiushui, Lushan, T\u0129nh An, Phong T\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ed3ng C\u1ed1c, Nghi Phong, V\u1ea1n T\u1ec3, Cao An v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00e2ng cao C\u1eedu Long; ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf B\u00ecnh H\u01b0\u01a1ng-An Ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u00e2ng cao V\u0169 C\u00f4ng S\u01a1n, Th\u1ea1ch Th\u00e0nh-Qu\u1ea3ng X\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00e2ng cao V\u0169 Di, \u0110\u1ee9c H\u01b0ng-L\u1ec7 B\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00e2ng cao nappe V\u1ea1n Ni\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.3 \u0110\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u00e1t tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea1ch anh h\u01a1n 90%. C\u00f3 37 m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 173.740,3 kiloton. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf Leping, Yushan, Guangfeng, Guixi, Yiyang, Yujiang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Giang T\u00e2y, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c Ji'an; ch\u00fang n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf Ruichang, Tonggu \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Giang T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Ruijin, Xinfeng, Quannan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Giang T\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef7 Paleozoi, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng Devon-Jurassic. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a qu\u1eb7ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Tiaomajian k\u1ef7 Devon, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Lingyan Temple, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Yunshan, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Zhongpeng, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Zhangqiu, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Yanghu, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Guanshan, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Leigutai, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Outangdi k\u1ef7 Carbon, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Leping k\u1ef7 Permi, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Anyuan k\u1ef7 Trias v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Shuibei k\u1ef7 Jura v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Zhangping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.4 C\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kho\u00e1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phong h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 granit, \u0111\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh, \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch. C\u00f3 9 m\u1ecf c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 141.001,27 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh h\u1ed3 Poyang, bao g\u1ed3m Hukou, Duchang, Lushan, Yongxiu, v.v. C\u00e1c m\u1ecf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 Khu khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ea3o Songmen \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Yongxiu v\u00e0 Khu khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh Zheji \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Hukou; c\u00e1c m\u1ecf kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf Ruijin, Shanggao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch h\u1ed3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1t ph\u00f9 sa d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng s\u00f4ng. H\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng h\u1ed3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. H\u1ed3 Poyang l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh phong ph\u00fa; S\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 n\u0103m con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Ganjiang, s\u00f4ng Fuhe, s\u00f4ng Raohe, s\u00f4ng T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Xiuhe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.5 Th\u1ea1ch anh h\u1ed3ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh h\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silic dioxit cao. C\u00f3 11 m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh h\u1ed3ng \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 22.201,1 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ea5n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh h\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1edf Pingxiang, Yichun, Lianhua, Anfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Giang T\u00e2y; r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c \u1edf Wuyuan, Shangrao \u1edf \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc Giang T\u00e2y v\u00e0 Xinfeng, Yudu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u1edf ph\u00eda nam Giang T\u00e2y. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed1n khu v\u1ef1c khai th\u00e1c l\u00e0 Hejiatang \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Pingxiang, Maitian \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Yichun, Caijialing \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Anfu v\u00e0 Luofengtou \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Xinfeng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh. M\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh h\u1ed3ng \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i phong h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 silic (quartzite vi tinh th\u1ec3) (Fang Yesen, 2010), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng Carbon-Permi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung \u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1 silic c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Maokou v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Chetou \u1edf Permi gi\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.6 Th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e2n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t tinh th\u1ec3 th\u00f4 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO2 n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 98%. C\u00f3 131 m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, v\u1edbi tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 30.398,88 kiloton. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt m\u1ecf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee1 trung b\u00ecnh: Dafengshan \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Xingan, Nankeng \u1edf huy\u1ec7n Jinjiang, huy\u1ec7n Xiajiang v\u00e0 Zhannao \u1edf huy\u1ec7n S\u00f9ng Ngh\u0129a. Th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch n\u00f3i chung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7t macma, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh d\u1ecdc theo s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1 granit v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t. Theo \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n Trung Qu\u1ed1c: T\u1eadp san Giang T\u00e2y\u201d, c\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch \u1edf Xiushui, Lushan, Wanzai, Gao'an, Xinyu, Chongren, Lichuan, Yushan v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea1ch anh t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 qu\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO2 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 99% v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Fe2O3 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 0,04%. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y khu v\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e2ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng th\u0103m d\u00f2 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf N\u00fai Mufu, N\u00fai Jiuling, N\u00fai Wugong, N\u00fai Wuyi, N\u00fai Yu v\u00e0 N\u00fai Nanling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.7 \u0110\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh granit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e1 granit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, v\u1edbi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean l\u00e0 35.000 km2, chi\u1ebfm 23,1% di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1 granit th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 20-35%), m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 granit th\u1ea1ch anh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea1ch anh hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ecf th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Wang Ling \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ecf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau (Wang Ling, 2019). Th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 chip b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, quang \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng s\u1ee3i quang, h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, quang h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u201cc\u1ee9ng c\u1ed5\u201d. Do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cg\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d trong silicon dioxide (Wang Jiuyi, 2022). Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tinh ch\u1ebf. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ea1ch anh ti\u00ean phong \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i hi\u1ec7n nay (Chen Junyuan, 2020; Wang Jiuyi, 2021). Tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao, nh\u01b0ng do tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 cao n\u00ean kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. Wang Ling (2014) ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh granit l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf tinh th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao t\u1ea7m trung v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh granit \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t \u00edt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y (Tian Qingyue, 2017; Wang Ting, 2018; Wang Yunyue, 2020) \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea1ch anh granit v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t Giang T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch anh granit v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u0110\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh granit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh granit l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u00ec qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tinh khi\u1ebft. D\u00f2ng c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao IOTA n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e1 granit tr\u1eafng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Spruce Pine c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch anh granit h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao (Zhang Ye, 2012; Zhang Yanyan, 2018; Cong Jinyao, 2019; Zhao Jinzhou, 2022). Sau khi \u0111i\u1ec1u tra s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tin r\u1eb1ng pegmatit, pegmatit granit v\u00e0 muscovite pegmatit granit l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Yihuang Tangyin v\u00e0 Ninh \u0110\u00f4 Wangxi Village. Pegmatite Yihuang Tangyin\u2460 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 theo v\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o biotite monzogranit h\u1ea1t m\u1ecbn v\u1eeba. C\u00f3 5 pegmatite quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn v\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng nang, v\u1edbi tr\u1ee5c d\u00e0i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng NEE, d\u00e0i 265-650 m\u00e9t, r\u1ed9ng 6-80 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 NNW v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 SSE. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ed1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 65-85\u00b0. Pegmatite ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m fenspat, th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 muscovite, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 tourmaline, v\u1edbi garnet l\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao trong pegmatite Tangyin l\u00e0 Al54,34\u00d710-6, Li0,34\u00d710-6 v\u00e0 Ti25,46\u00d710-6, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao t\u1eeb 99,992% tr\u1edf l\u00ean; c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 Al54-200\u00d710-6, Li0,33-17\u00d710-6 v\u00e0 Ti3-40\u00d710-6, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tinh ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao t\u1eeb 99,98% tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u0110\u00e1 granit pegmatit mica tr\u1eafng \u1edf l\u00e0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, Ninh \u0110\u00f4\u2461 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1, m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng h\u00ecnh elip kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng-t\u00e2y, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 300 m\u00e9t v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 160 m\u00e9t. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00e1 granit monzonit biotite porphyritic h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh-th\u00f4. C\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a pegmatit mica tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 fenspat, th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 mica tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt s\u1eabm m\u00e0u. C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh granit pegmatit muscovite l\u00e0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0 Al54,94\u00d710-6, Ti13,71\u00d710-6 v\u00e0 Li1,03\u00d710-6, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tinh ch\u1ebf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao tr\u00ean 99,991% v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn tr\u1edf l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u0110\u00e1 th\u1ea1ch anh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quartzit \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 silic kh\u00e1c. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u trong th\u1ea1ch anh di chuy\u1ec3n, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh. M\u00fclleretal (2007) \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e1 quartzit kyanite \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Na Uy v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong th\u1ea1ch anh th\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t gi\u1eefa th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1eb3ng. Yang Xiaoyong (2021) tin r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ea1ch anh tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3, k\u00e8m theo s\u1ef1 co l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 (nh\u01b0 Al, Ti, v.v.) ra ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Quartzit \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t Ti\u1ec1n Cambri. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ee9a th\u1ea1ch anh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Nanhua Xiafang, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Shabahuang, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Hongshan, h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Sinian Laohutang v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u1ea7ng Cambri Waiguankeng, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n trung v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n nam Giang T\u00e2y. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 98%. Do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac magma ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed-l\u1ecfng b\u00ean trong th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng SiO2 t\u0103ng l\u00ean h\u01a1n 99%. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao th\u1ea1ch anh c\u1ee7a Giang T\u00e2y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ngo\u00e0i nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chung kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea1ch anh. Th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1edbn li\u1ec7t k\u00ea l\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c (Guo Jia, 2018; Chen Qishen, 2021) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. Giang T\u00e2y r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean to\u00e0n t\u1ec9nh. Th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh cung c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u kho\u00e1ng th\u1ea1ch anh, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a Giang T\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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(2) \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u silic th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u00e0o danh m\u1ee5c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n th\u0103m d\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u0103m d\u00f2, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ea5p, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an ninh chip, an ninh s\u1ee3i quang, an ninh quang \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 an ninh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cao c\u1ea5p. Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2018, C\u1ee5c Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh \u201cPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c (2018)\u201d, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e2ng th\u1ea1ch anh tinh khi\u1ebft cao l\u00ean c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia. \u201cS\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 14 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00e2y v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2035\u201d ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, y h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u201c2+6+N\u201d c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1ea1o ra v\u00f9ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in, m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1n d\u1eabn), n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi (quang \u0111i\u1ec7n) v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi (v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u1edbi) t\u1ea1i Giang T\u00e2y, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao \u0111ang cho th\u1ea5y xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u silic th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n th\u0103m d\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n, b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 trung ngu\u1ed3n, t\u1ea1o ra chu\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\uff083\uff09Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n phi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ea5p. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh Giang T\u00e2y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e2u. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u00ean ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Giang T\u00e2y theo l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Giang T\u00e2y gi\u00e0u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eadp trung theo lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh th\u00f4 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh; t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a h\u01a1n n\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea1ch anh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao, thu h\u00fat v\u1ed1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea1ch anh, t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. Trong \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf, tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch anh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Quartzit, sa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ee7y tinh quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ea1ch anh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t silic vi m\u00f4. Th\u1ea1ch anh granit v\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch anh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. X\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra: 1) \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao th\u1ea1ch anh \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y; 2) \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u silic cho th\u1ea1ch anh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n th\u0103m d\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1ec9nh, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i \u1edf Giang T\u00e2y; 3) \u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u1ea1ch anh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao; 4) N\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u1ea1ch anh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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